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Hemorrhoidectomy is a medical operation to remove internal hemorrhoids of third degree and fourth degree, when other methods fail to treat them, in other words, the pain, itchiness, swelling and bleeding continues. In some cases hemorrhoidectomy is also recommended for external hemorrhoids, which have been unsuccessful to be treated with the correct treatment.

Hemorrhoidectomy is a rather simple operation and can be performed under local, spinal or general anesthesia. Depending on the patients' condition, the extent of the operation and the patients' preference, the surgeons will choose the correct type of anesthesia for the surgery. Local anesthesia is a numbing agent which is injected into the immediate part; spinal anesthesia will anesthetize the patient from the pelvis down and general anesthesia will cause the patient into unconsciousness.

Usually tests are taken before the surgery is performed, depending on the patients physical health these test can include an x-ray of the chest, urine and blood samples and even aspirin to thin the blood. Often the doctor will recommend that the patient avoids eating or drinking from the night before the surgical operation to prevent the chances of vomiting during or after the surgery is carried out.

The procedure for this surgery is a very simple one and when all the necessary preparations have been made the operation will go on from one hour to one hour and a half. The patient is placed face down on the operation table with the buttocks slightly lifted and the legs placed in stirrups, thereby the anus and rectum are visible. Once the anesthesia has taken effect the hemorrhoid will be tied to prevent it from bleeding and finally removed.

Once the surgery is performed the patient will be placed in recovery until the anesthesia wears off and the patient can urinate, this is to check that swelling in the tissues does not show up and cause problem to urinate. If the patient has recouped, he or she can go home the same day, in other words, as an outpatient. On rare occasions, if there are any issues with the surgery, the patient will have to remain under observation.

Pain and bleeding after the surgery is to be expected and therefore the doctor is likely to administer the patient with some medicine. It is also natural to bleed when moving bowels, particularly directly after the surgery and it is sometimes recommended to take some numbing medicine before trying to move bowels. Taking antibiotics after the operation will refrain any infections that might occur.

It is strongly suggested by doctors to take special care after surgery to prevent any unwanted pain and discomfort. Trying to soften stools by taking a high fiber diet will reduce strain when moving stools, taking stool softeners is also highly recommended. Taking baths in warm water will help relax muscles and ease pain as well.

Just like any type of surgery there can be risks and problems in both early and late stages. In early stages after the operation the problems can be constipation, hematoma (collection of blood in the surgical area) incontinence, infection and also bleeding. In later stages after surgery problems are rectal prolapse, a narrowing of the anal canal and even the reappearance of hemorrhoids. If these symptoms appear, it is best to seek medical advice as soon as possible.

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